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Colombia | Constitutional Court Strengthens Black Political Representation
Colombia’s Constitutional Court has strengthened eligibility requirements for congressional seats reserved for Afro-descendant communities.
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France | Black Communities Face an Education and Policing Test
For Black French communities with roots in Africa and the Caribbean, student protests over school conditions raise connected questions about equal educational opportunity and accountable policing. The demonstrations involve students of many backgrounds, but their implications for historically disadvantaged communities deserve particular attention. Since September 21, 2026, high school students have protested teacher shortages, overcrowded…
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Peru | Afro-Peruvians: From Cultural Recognition to Equal Citizenship
Afro-Peruvian history connects emancipation, cultural recognition and the pursuit of equal citizenship. Peru’s national policy and ServiAfro put public services and implementation at the center of that story.
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France | Black France: History, Equal Citizenship and the Struggle for Recognition
Black France connects the Caribbean, Africa, the Indian Ocean and Europe. Its history tests how the Republic’s promise of equal citizenship addresses racial inequality, public memory and discrimination.
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Iraq | Afro-Iraqis: History, Recognition and the Meaning of Equality
An in-depth LexNoir Atlas profile of Afro-Iraqis: African connections to southern Iraq, the Zanj Rebellion, constitutional equality, civil-rights organizing and environmental injustice in Basra.
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United Kingdom | Black Britons: History, Empire, Citizenship and Equality
LexNoir Atlas explores Black British history from early African presence and empire to Windrush, immigration and nationality, equality law, political representation, cultural influence and the continuing struggle for full belonging.
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United States | Gullah Geechee: Culture, Land, Language and Survival
LexNoir Atlas: A profile of the Gullah Geechee people of the U.S. Lowcountry and Sea Islands, examining West and Central African continuities, language, rice culture, Reconstruction-era landholding, heirs’ property, development pressure and the legal importance of preserving both land and living culture.
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United States | African Americans: History, Citizenship, Rights and the Ongoing Struggle for Equality
LexNoir Atlas: A foundational profile of African Americans in the United States, from slavery and emancipation through Reconstruction, Jim Crow, the Great Migration, civil-rights law, voting, education, wealth, policing, institutions and the continuing gap between formal equality and lived outcomes.
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Argentina | Afro-Argentines: History, Erasure, Recognition and Belonging
LexNoir Atlas: An introduction to Afro-Argentines, from slavery and independence-era military service to demographic erasure, census recognition, anti-discrimination law, Afro-descendant activism and contemporary belonging.
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Honduras | Garifuna: African-Indigenous Heritage, Land, Rights and Belonging
LexNoir Atlas: An introduction to the Garifuna of Honduras, their African-Indigenous origins, forced migration from Saint Vincent, land and collective rights, cultural heritage, language, migration and contemporary legal challenges.
